苯-甲苯溶液连续板式精馏塔设计说明书.doc

摘 要 本次设计是针对二元物系的精馏问题进行分析、选取、计算、核算、绘图等，是较完整的精馏设计过程。我们对此塔进行了工艺设计，包括它的辅助设备及进出口管路的计算，画出了塔板负荷性能图，并对设计结果进行了汇总。 此次设计的筛板塔是化工生产中主要的气液传质设备。此设计的精馏装置包括精馏塔，再沸器，冷凝器等设备，热量自塔釜输入，物料在塔内经多次部分气化与部分冷凝进行精馏分离，由塔顶产品冷凝器中的冷却介质将余热带走。本次设计是精馏塔及其进料预热的设计，分离质量分数为20％的苯-甲苯溶液，使塔顶产品苯的质量分数达到95%，塔底釜液质量分数为2%。 综合工艺操作方便、经济及安全等多方面考虑，本设计采用了筛板塔对苯-甲苯进行分离提纯，塔板为碳钢材料，按照逐板计算求得理论板数为12。根据经验式算得全塔效率为0.5386。塔顶使用全凝器，部分回流。精馏段实际板数为10，提馏段实际板数为13。实际加料位置在第11块板。精馏段弹性操作为2.785，提馏段弹性操作为2.864。塔径为1.4m。通过板压降、漏液、液泛、液沫夹带的流体力学验算，均在安全操作范围内。确定了操作点符合操作要求。 关键词：苯-甲苯；精馏；负荷性能图；精馏塔设备结构 Abstract This design is in two yuan of the distillation analysis, selection, calculation, calculation and drawing, is a complete distillation design process. This tower was process design, including its auxiliary equipment and import and export pipeline calculation, draw plate load performance diagram, and the design results are summarized. The design of the sieve plate tower is the chemical industry in the production of gas-liquid mass transfer equipment. The design of rectifying device comprises a distillation column reboiler, condenser and other equipment, heat from the reactor input, material in the column after repeated partial gasification and partial condensation distillation separation by top product condenser cooling medium to heat away. ?The design of distillation column and its feed preheating design, separation and mass fraction of 20% benzene - toluene solution, so that the top product of quality score reaches 95%, the bottom of the tower kettle liquid quality fraction of 2%. Integrated process has the advantages of convenient operation, economy and safety and other aspects to consider, this design used the sieve plate column for benzene toluene by separating and purifying tower plate for carbon steel materials, according to the calculation of theoretical plate number by the board for 12. According to the experience type called full-tower efficiency is 0.5386. The use of full condenser, partial reflux. Rectifying section of actual plate number i