系统功能语言学与翻译研究(司显柱).ppt

8个小句属于物质过程 其中4个属于事件过程:my whole being tensed, trigger yielded, everything began, the bullets sank 4个属于意图过程:I clenched my hand, I touched the polished belly of the butt, I fired four more times, I was striking… My whole being tensed and I clenched my hand on the revolver. The trigger yielded. I touched the polished belly of the butt and it is there, in the noise both sharp and deafening, that everything began. (…) Then I fired four more times on an inert body into which the bullets sank without there being any trace. And it was like four brief knocks that I was striking on the door of misfortune. Albert Camus的小说The Outsider（《局外人》） 及物性分析结果 Every nerve in my body was a steel spring, and my grip closed in the revolver. The trigger gave, and the smooth underbelly of the butt jogged my palm. And so, with that crisp, whip-crack sound, it all began. (…) But I fired four shots more into the inert body, on which they left no visible trace. And each successive shot, was another loud, fateful rap on the door of my undoing. 5个事件过程:my grip closed, the trigger gave, the underbelly jogged, it began, they left no trace 只有1个意图过程:I fired 原文中另外两个物质过程（my whole being tensed和I was striking）在译文里变成了关系过程（X is Y）：every nerve was a steel spring; each shot was another rap 及物性分析结果 The Outsider（《局外人》）真实英语译文 过程类型的改变使得译文读者感到呈现在他们面前的Meursault，他之所以开枪杀人，与其说是主观上有意为之，还不如说是环境使然。 虽然译文语篇与原文语篇均描写同样的内容——Meursault开枪杀人过程，但译者与作者的交际意图却相去甚远。 译作通过对目的语的上述操纵——改变原作小句的过程类型，或许正是反映出译者意欲向译文读者传递出他对Meursault开枪杀人原因的看法这一交际意图。 翻译远非只是将一种语言材料转换为另一种语言材料的过程，翻译，根本上是社会符号性的。 译作语篇与原作语篇语言文字上的“不对应（non-correspondence），交际价值的“不对等”（non-equivalence）只有立足于系统功能语言学所秉持的言语交际的社会符号学框架，从言语交际所涉及到形式、功能、情景三个系统之间互动的角度，外观其所在的社会、文化，才有望对翻译的过程及上述译作与原作的差异现象作出较为充分地阐释。 the duties of the family, of society, toward the state, and toward God the ablest writer and the greatest statesmen “those in power”, “the people” increase their respect for law 在家为孝子，在外为良友，在国为忠臣，在神为信徒 下之为论世之名人，上之为出政之大臣 在上之君臣，在下之民人 而感长上之恩威 林乐知和任廷旭翻译的《文学兴国策》 * 司显柱