美国的女性地位.docVIP

双语阅读：在美国女人为何没有地位 摘要：全世界的企业都需要进一步对女性敞开大门。美国企业本应在这方面发挥带头作用。但它们并没有做到这一点。 　　U.S. companies are lagging behind not just progressive Scandinavians but also businesses in emerging markets. Companies in countries just now shaping their economies have higher percentages of women business leaders than in the U.S. 　　　Not only does the U.S. lag behind several emerging market countries in terms of female leadership on company boards, but the gap extends to other executive roles. According to a 2013 report by Grant Thornton, only 20% of senior corporate leaders in the U.S. are women. Other G7 countries didnt fare so well either -- take Japan (7%) and the United Kingdom (19%). 　　　The country with the most women in high places? China. Over half of corporate leaders in China are women. Estonia (40%), Vietnam (33%), and Botswana (32%) rank in the top 10. 　　　　Im surprised that theyre making as much progress as they are, says Erica OMalley, a partner at Grant Thornton. 　　　How are these nations making such progress? 　　First off, national cultures that may appear conservative on the surface are in fact more complex. In a 2012 paper called Cultural constraints on the emergence of women as leaders, authors Geoffrey Leonardelli and Soo Min Toh, both associate professors at the University of Toronto, explore the effects of cultural rigidity related to female leadership. So-called tight cultures punish members of the group from deviating from cultural norms. In general, culturally inflexible countries do not support women leaders. 　　　But there are exceptions to this tendency. Namely, when countries with traditional gender norms implement government mandates or top-down rules about gender equity in business, they tend to take hold. For example, in 2011, Malaysias cabinet approved a law mandating that companies based in the country include one-third female representation on corporate boards within the next five years. The punishment for failure is harsh: Companies that dont make the cut