《0132279088_pp_12》.ppt

Figure 12–1 Basic computer block diagram. Figure 12–2 Basic block diagram of a typical computer system including common peripherals. The computer itself is shown within the gray block. Figure 12–3 Figure 12–4 The 8086/8088 has two separate internal units, the EU and the BIU. Figure 12–5 The internal organization of the 8088 microprocessor. Figure 12–6 Nonoverlapping and overlapping segments in the first 1 MB of memory. Each segment represents 64 kB. Figure 12–7 Formation of the 20-bit physical address from the segment base address and the offset address. Figure 12–8 Illustration of the segmented addressing method. Figure 12–9 Figure 12–10 Figure 12–11 The general register set. Figure 12–12 The status and control flags. Figure 12–13 Registers for the Intel processors from 8086/8088 through Pentium. Figure 12–14 Hierarchy of programming languages relative to computer hardware. Figure 12–15 Assembly to machine conversion using an assembler. Figure 12–16 High-level to machine conversion with a compiler. Figure 12–17 Machine independence of a program written in a high-level language. Figure 12–18 Flowchart for adding a list of numbers. Figure 12–19 Steps in beginning to execute the addition program with Debug. Figure 12–20 Last portion of tracing the addition program. The sum 00F1 is shown in blue with the low part (F1) given first. Figure 12–21 Flowchart. The variable BIG represents the largest value. Figure 12–22 Listing of Debug portion of program. Figure 12–23 Data before and after a run. Figure 12–24 The basic polled I/O configuration. Figure 12–25 A basic interrupt-driven I/O configuration. Figure 12–26 A memory I/O transfer handled by the CPU. Figure 12–27 A DMA transfer. Figure 12–28 The interconnection of microprocessor-based system components by a bidirectional, multiplexed bus. Figure 12–29 An example of