清代哥老会山堂考——山堂组织的发展与等级结构的变迁.pdfVIP

2010年 2 月 清史研究 Feb. 2010 第 1期 The Q ing H istory Journal No 1 　学术专论 清代哥老会山堂考 ———山堂组织的发展与等级结构的变迁 [韩 ] 尹恩子 [摘要 ] 清代哥老会以山堂为基础在各地发展组织。山堂是某个独立的哥老会组织的一种象征性称呼 , 哥老会模仿当时民间流行的梁山水浒故事而取山名、堂名。哥老会山堂的放票地区和成员规模由其骨干成 员的活动范围和组织能力决定 , 其范围有的只限于一县的某个角落 , 有的则发展到不同省区的各州县 , 其 会员总数也从数十到几万人不等。哥老会山堂的组织结构最初比较简单 , 发展到后来 , 其内部成员、山堂 之间的关系显得非常复杂。以这些复杂而庞大的组织为基础 , 哥老会建立了广大而松散的人际关系网络。 哥老会山堂的结构特点 , 成为其组织发展的基础与动力。 [关键词 ] 哥老会　山堂　等级结构　变迁 [中图分类号 ] K249　 [文献标识码 ] A　 [文章编号 ] 1002 - 8587 (2010) - 01 - 0027 - 10 O rgan iza tion Expan sion and Changes of H ierarchy Structure of KoLao Hu i in the Q ing D yna sty KoLaoHui developed with ShanTang as organizational archetype in the Q ing dynasty. ShanTang was a kind of symbolic code name for certain independent KoLao Hui organization. Following the way in the popular story ‘Shui Hu ( ) ( ) Zhuan ’ The Outlaws of the Marsh , every organization used their particular names of both ‘Shan ’ mountain and ( ) ‘Tang ’ hall . The territory and size of an organization depends on the radius of action aswell as organizing capacity of its leaders. Some were lim ited to certain nook in a county with only dozens of members, while others sp read into different counties in different p rovinces with members as much as tens of thousands. O rganization structure of KoLao Hui was simp le at first, but the relationship s among inner members as well as outer organizations became very comp lex in later age