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植物营养学试题
一、名词解释:
1.截获:根系在土壤中生长并与土壤颗粒表面接触,根系直接从所接触的土壤中获取养分。
Roots in soils and surface contact with the soil particles, roots directly from the soil to get in contact with nutrients.
2.扩散:离子态养分从高浓度向低浓度迁移。
Ionic nutrients from high to lower concentrations migration.
3.质流:土壤中的养分随着水分的迁移由土体到达根系,或者含有可溶性养分的土壤溶液沿水势梯度迁移。
Soil nutrients with the water reach the roots of migration from the soil, or soil solution containing soluble nutrients migrate along the water potential gradient.
4.被动吸收:指细胞不消耗代谢能量,而通过扩散作用或其它物理过程顺化学势梯度、没有选择性吸收过程。
Passive absorption is the metabolism of cells do not consume energy, but by diffusion or other physical processes along the chemical potential gradient, there is no selective absorption process.
5.主动吸收:指细胞利用代谢能量逆着浓度梯度在转运蛋白的参与下吸收矿质元素的过程。
Active absorption cell is going against the concentration gradient using the energy metabolism of proteins involved in the transport of mineral elements to absorb the process.
6.养分归还学说:植物以不同方式从土壤中吸收矿质养分,使土壤养分逐渐减少,连续种植会使土壤贫瘠,为了保持土壤肥力,就必须把植物带走的矿质养分和氮素以施肥的方式归还给土壤。
It must be borne in mind that as a principle of arable farming, what is taken from the soil must be retu rn to it in full measures.
7.最小养分率:作物产量受土壤中相当 含量最少的养分所控制,作物产量的高低则随最小养分补充量的多少而变化。
A crop’s yield is restricted by the lack of a single element, even though there may be sufficient quantities of all other essential elements.
8.报酬递减率:随着对作物投入的增加,作物产量的增加是逐渐减少的。
The response of a plant to the addition of a growth factors will become smaller and smaller as the amount of the growth factor increases.
9.作物营养期:作物通过根系由土壤中吸收养分的整个时期,就叫作物的营养期。
Crops through the root system to absorb nutrients from the soil in the entire period, called the vegetative crops.
10.作物营养的阶段性:作物营养期包括几个不同的营养阶段,各阶段对营养元素的吸收规律为:生长初期吸收的数量和强度都较低,随着生长期的推移,对营养物质的吸收逐渐增加,到成熟阶段又趋于减少。
Crop nutrition stage include several different nutritional stages, each stage of nutrient absorption law are: the initial growth of the number and intensity of the absorption are low, with the growing season goes on, the absorption of
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