美国文学第12章Eliot课题.ppt

Chapter 12 Eliot Stevens Williams T.S. Eliot(1888—1965) T(homas) S(tearns) Eliot was born in St. Louis in 1888 to a family with prominent New England roots. Eliot largely abandoned his Midwestern roots and chose to ally himself with both New and old England throughout his life. He attended Harvard as an undergraduate in 1906, was accepted into the literary circles, and had a predilection for 16th- and 17th-century poetry, the Italian Renaissance (particularly Dante), Eastern religion, and philosophy. Perhaps the greatest influence on him, however, were the 19th-century French Symbolists such as Charles Baudelaire, Stephene Mallarme, and Eliot's favorite, Jules Laforgue. Eliot took from them their sensual yet precise attention to symbolic images, a feature that would be the hallmark of his brand of Modernism. Eliot also earned a master's degree from Harvard in 1910 before studying in Paris and Germany. He settled in England in 1914 at the outbreak of World War I, studying at Oxford, teaching, and working at a bank. In 1915 he married British writer Vivienne Haigh-Wood, a woman prone to poor physical and mental health, and in November of 1921, Eliot had a nervous breakdown. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock（普鲁夫洛克情歌）The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言); 名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quartets四个四重奏 诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会 Hollow Man(空心人） Literary theory Depersonalization—impersonal theory Escape from emotion Objective correlative 艾略特的诗歌理论。艾略特是一位有着精确思辨才能的诗人，他的诗歌理论体现了现代主义诗歌原则，为现代主义发展提供了一种新的审美形式，使艾略特成为新文学批评的奠基人之一。被称为“现代文学批评大师”。艾略特的主要批评论蓍有《传统与个人才能》（1921）,《玄学派诗人》（1921），《批评的功能》（1923）。他的诗歌理论主要包括“非个性化理论”、“情感逃避理论”和“客观对应物理论”。 “非个性化”。它的基本内容是：生活与艺术不能等同，它们之间有不可逾越的界限，因此作家的个人感情经验必须经过非个人化的过程，将个人的情绪转变为宇宙性、艺术性情绪，才能进入文学作品。这个概念出自艾略特的第一本论文集《圣林》中的名篇《传统与个人才能》。他在这本书中提出诗歌不是表现个性而是逃避个性。也就是说，创作主体在从事艺术实践时不宜将自身的个性特征带入文本，而应力图消灭个性。 艾略特认为，与个人才能的有限性和不完整性相比，传统是一个具有广