Chinese-English Translation.ppt

Chinese-English Translation Department of Foreign Languages Definitions of translation Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. —Columbia Encyclopedia Translating is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). —J. C. Carford Definitions of translation Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.（ 翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。） —Eugene A. Nida To translate is to change into another language, retaining as much of the sense as one can. —Samuel Johnson Definitions of translation (Translating ) is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text. —Peter Newmark Translation is an art that involves the re-creation of a work in another language for readers with a different background. —Malcolm Cowley Definitions of translation A translation is taken to be any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target culture, on whatever grounds. —Gideon Toury Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text. —Christiane Nord Definitions of translation Translation is an externally motivated industrial activity, supported by information technology, which is diversified in response to the particular needs of this f