EE110300电机资讯工程实习Lecture3个人电脑系统II----.ppt

EE110300 電機資訊工程實習Lecture 3 個人電腦系統 II  Operating Systems資訊工程系 黃泰一 教授 What is an operating system?Definition An operating system is the “permanent” software that controls/abstracts hardware User applications can thus be simpler and device-independent What is an operating system?Definition (con’t) Manages resources and processes to support different user applications Provides Applications Programming Interface (API) for user applications Modern operating systems x86 platform Linux Windows Mac platform – Mac OS Sun Solaris Unix (Sun workstations) IBM AIX (mainframes) Embedded systems (special-purpose OS) Palm, PocketPC, etc Xbox, etc Linus Torvalds 1991, Finland, Linux Project 1992, Linux Kernel 0.02 Bash v1.08 GCC v1.40 1997, Moves to Transmeta 1998, Linux Kernel v2.2 2001, Linux Kernel v2.4 Pronunciation: “Linn-ucks” Windows 2000 XP 1989: 10 developers left DEC VMS team and joined Microsoft ? Windows NT 1.0 1996: Windows NT 4.0 1999: Windows 2000 2001: Windows XP 2002: Microsoft .Net Server Linux vs. Windows NT Linux is kernel only, free and open source Windows is full-loaded OS and pricy Linux requires minimum HW, Windows not Web server (Win2K + SWC ) beats (Linux + TUX) File server printer server Windows supports a wider range of HW Linux has more stable drivers Operating System Interfaces Software hardware layer Device Driver Device driver的唯一目的就是要將所有的硬體隱藏. 他應該是整套軟體中唯一能和硬體溝通的窗口. 他能直接讀取或寫入特定裝置控制及狀態暫存器, 如果裝置發生中斷,那ISR也要整合到裝置驅動程式. System service call (monitor) C Programs: main() { // call printf, provided // by the C library, to // print on the screen printf(“Hello World!”); } System service call (disk) C Programs: main() { // call CreateFile // by the C library, to // create a file on disk CreateFile(“a.txt”) } System service calls (network) C Programs: main() { so = createsocket(); send(so, “text”); close(so); } Virtual computer concept Importance of operating system System API are the only interface between user applications and hardware API are d