句子煅造术主语选择.ppt

英语句子的煅造术---主语的选择;何为煅造术？;英汉主语的构成及类型比较;分析下列句子的主谓结构; 由上可知，汉语的句式十分复杂。由于汉文化重意念，汉语句子也建构在意念主轴上，句子强调的是意义，而不是结构。 汉语中有许多无主句；还有的句子主语不明显，但意义一目了然。 在主谓关系上，汉语句子的主语和谓语只要求语义上一致，无须在形式上呼应（譬如，没有人称和数的一致），处在主语位置的词并不定是谓语动词的逻辑施动者。 ;英语;英语的主语：七大类;主语的选择;;主语的确定;英、汉句式的相似之处;例：这件事你不用操心。 This you don’t need to worry about. (×) You don’t need to worry about this. This is not something you need to worry about. (突出主语) It is unnecessary for you to worry about this There is no need for you to worry about this. ; 一般而言，无论汉语原句是典型的主题--述题结构还是与英语类似的“主－动－宾”结构，假如直接把原文的主题或主语取作译文的主语后，译文显得生硬，句子结构不平衡，或者与上下文在语气上不连贯，那么就要设法把原文的其他成分，也许是名词、形容词、副词或动词，取作译文的主语。在此过程中，我们必须充分考虑汉英语言的各种差异，如英语里面以事物作主语的句子比汉语更常见，用名词结构表示动作比汉语要普遍等。依此规律来选择译文的主语，就能使译文更加地道，更符合英语的习惯表达。; 一、原文的形容词性成分取为译文主语例1：我的头疼得要命;英语比汉语更讲究逻辑结构的严密。这里，“土地面积”与“国家”没有可比性。 1). “土地面积”作为主语 a) China’s per capita agricultural land cannot compare with that of many other countries in the world. ; b) In its amount of agricultural land per capita, China compares unfavorably with many other countries in the world. c) China compares unfavorably with many other countries in the world in terms of per capita agricultural land .; 1) 选择“人”作为主语, a) A lazy person will never succeed. 2) 形容词成分“懒惰”为主语， b) Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed. 另外，因为“懒惰”和“成功”不言而喻是描述“人”的，所以“人”在翻译时不妨省略，使译文更加简洁： c) Laziness makes success impossible. ; 1) 选择“我”作为主语， a) I had the most incredible experience a week ago. b) I had the most inconceivable encounter a week ago. 2) 选择“事情”作为主语， c) The most unbelievable thing happened to me a week ago.; 1）选择“他”作为主语, a) He suddenly saw a dark stain on the carpet. A dark stain was seen by him on the carpet. (×) 2）选择“斑点”作为作为主语， b) A dark stain on the carpet caught his eye. c) A dark stain on the carpet suddenly attracted his attention. ; 1）选择“他”作为主语,