Balancing Treatment Allocation over Continuous Covariates A New Imbalance Measure for Minimization英文文献资料.docVIP
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Balancing Treatment Allocation over Continuous Covariates A New Imbalance Measure for Minimization英文文献资料
HindawiPublishingCorporation
JournalofProbabilityandStatistics
Volume2012,ArticleID842369,13pages
doi:10.1155/2012/842369
ResearchArticle
BalancingTreatmentAllocationover
Continuous Covariates:ANewImbalance
MeasureforMinimization
YanqingHu andFeifangHu
1 2
1Department ofStatistics,WestVirginiaUniversity,HodgesHall,Morgantown, WV26506,USA
2Department ofStatistics,University ofVirginia,HalseyHall,Charlottesville, VA22904,USA
Correspondence shouldbeaddressedtoFeifangHu,fh6e@
Received12January2012;Revised10April2012;Accepted 7May2012
Academic Editor:PetervanderHeijden
Copyright q2012Y.HuandF.Hu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,distribution, andreproduction in
anymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Inmanyclinical trials,itisimportant tobalance treatment allocation overcovariates. Although a
greatmanypapershavebeenpublished onbalancing overdiscretecovariates, theprocedures for
continuous covariates have been less well studied. Traditionally,a continuous covariate usually
needstobetransformedtoadiscreteonebysplittingitsrangeintoseveralcategories.Suchpractice
mayleadtolossofinformation andissusceptibletomisspeci?cation ofcovariatedistribution. The
morerecentpapers seektode?ne animbalance measure thatpreserves thenature ofcontinuous
covariates and set the allocation rule in order to minimize that measure. We propose a new
design, which de?nes the imbalance measure by the maximum assignment di?erence when all
possible divisions ofthecovariate range areconsidered. This measure depends only onranks of
thecovariate values and istherefore freeofcovariate distribution. Inaddition, wedeveloped an
e?cientalgorithm toimplement thenewprocedure.Bysimulation studiesweshowthatthenew
procedureisabletokeepgoodbalancepropertiesincomparison withotherpopulardesigns.
1.Introduction
Balanced allocation among treatment groups is often desirable in
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