Autophagy-Related Atg8 Localizes to the Apicoplast of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum 英文参考文献.docVIP

Autophagy-RelatedAtg8LocalizestotheApicoplastof theHumanMalariaParasitePlasmodiumfalciparum KeiKitamura1,2,ChiekoKishi-Itakura1,TakafumiTsuboi3,ShigeharuSato4,KiyoshiKita5,NobuoOhta2*, NoboruMizushima1* 1DepartmentofPhysiologyandCellBiology,TokyoMedicalandDentalUniversity,Tokyo,Japan,2DepartmentofEnvironmentalParasitology,TokyoMedicalandDental University,Tokyo,Japan,3Cell-FreeScienceandTechnologyResearchCenterandVentureBusinessLaboratory,EhimeUniversity,Matsuyama,Ehime,Japan,4Divisionof Parasitology,MRCNationalInstituteforMedicalResearch,London,UnitedKingdom,5DepartmentofBiomedicalChemistry,GraduateSchoolofMedicine,TheUniversity ofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan Abstract Autophagy is a membrane-mediated degradation process, which is governed by sequential functions of Atg proteins. AlthoughAtgproteinsarehighlyconservedineukaryotes,protozoapossessonlyapartialsetofAtgproteins.Nonetheless, almostallprotozoahavethecompletefactorsbelongingtotheAtg8conjugationsystem,namely,Atg3,Atg4,Atg7,and Atg8. Here, we report the biochemical properties and subcellular localization of the Atg8 protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (PfAtg8). PfAtg8 is expressed during intra-erythrocytic development and associates with membraneslikelyasalipid-conjugatedform.FluorescencemicroscopyandimmunoelectronmicroscopyshowthatPfAtg8 localizes to the apicoplast, a four membrane-bound non-photosynthetic plastid. Autophagosome-like structures are not observedintheerythrocyticstages.Thesedatasuggestthat,althoughPlasmodiumparasiteshavelostmostAtgproteins duringevolution,theyusetheAtg8conjugationsystemfortheuniqueorganelle,theapicoplast. Citation:KitamuraK,Kishi-ItakuraC,TsuboiT,SatoS,KitaK,etal.(2012)Autophagy-RelatedAtg8LocalizestotheApicoplastoftheHumanMalariaParasite Plasmodiumfalciparum.PLoSONE7(8):e42977.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042977 Editor:TobiasSpielmann,BernhardNochtInstituteforTropicalMedicine,Germany ReceivedJanuary30,2012;AcceptedJuly16,2012;PublishedAugust10,2012 Copyright: ? 2012