增权_社会工作理论与实践的新视角.pdfVIP

社会学研究 2003 年第5 期 增权: 社会工作理论与实践的新视角* Abstract :/ Empowerment0 is the most important professional theme since social work generated as a profession. Empowerment now is widely applied in various social and practice areas beyond social work profession as a philosophy and policy perspective in the recent 30 years, and has become a social discourse existing in society. Differing from the traditional patriarchal benefactor and liberator approaches, empowerment does not attempt to put the client to the professional level nor direct them to the goal made and described by the experts independently, it emphasi es the client. s participation and maintains the interaction between the workers and their clients. It also takes the client as subjects who has his own values, and can set up a goal of action for him self. This article traced the practice, political and philosophical basis of empowerment through identifying the main concepts of power, powerlessness and empowerment to fill the knowledge gap exiting in the current academic community ofmainland China, and finally generali ed the social work practice model of empowerment approach. 社会工作专业自产生以来, 有关增权的研究一直是专业中的一个主题。尤其是近30 年来, 增权更 成为社会工作专业和整个社会中一个无所不在的话语。但在我国, 社会工作研究并没有赶上这股潮流, 到目前为止, 国内对增权理论仍然缺乏系统的介绍。为了弥补这方面知识的不足, 本文从辨析权力、无 权和增权等基本概念入手, 追溯社会工作中增权取向的实践基础和政治、思想基础, 然后简要地概括增 权取向的社会工作模型。希望能够抛砖引玉, 引起大家对以往的社会工作进行反思。 一、权力、无权和增权 / 增权0(empowerment) 是和/ 权力0( power) 及/ 无权0 (powerlessness) 密切相关的, 要想了解增权的概 念, 首先必须了解权力和无权的概念, 以及它们三者之间的逻辑关系。古铁雷斯(Guti†rre ) 、迪洛伊斯 (Delois) 和格伦梅伊(Glenmaye) ( 1995) 在5 了解增权实务: 以实践者的知识为基础6一文中对社会工作中 增权实践的假设作了如是描述: 作为一个几乎没有什么社会与政治权力的群体的成员, 其经验具有个人 和社会成本(personal aswell as social costs) 。获得资源不平等的机会会阻碍受压迫社区中的个人、家庭和 组织获得他们所需要的社会物品。这种不平等伴以造成无权感并使其长期存在的更大的社会制度, 反 过来会使社区或家庭系统不能很好地发挥功