长难句解析-外研选修8.doc

Module 1 Deep South 1. 原文：Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. 解析：在此句中，covering about……在句中作伴随状语。the fifth largest continent形容词最高级前面加序数词意为第五大洲。 翻译：南极洲覆盖了南极圈周围约1,400万平方公里的面积，是世界第五大洲。 2. 原文：Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world’s climate was like in past ages. 解析：句子主干：Gases and minerals can tell us a lot about…，其中what the world’s climate was like in past ages是介词about的宾语从句；in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice “以……形式” 或“呈……形状”，介词短语作定语，修饰gases and minerals，可以把它改成非限制性定语从句: which are in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice；trapped in the ice 是过去分词作定语，修饰volcanic dust。 翻译：这些以火山灰形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。 3. 原文：But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days(the longest period of continuous darkness on earth) as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plant can survive there. 解析：句子主干：But the long Antarctic winter night means that few types of plant can survive there.其中 that few types of plant can survive there是means的宾语从句；which lasts for 182 days是一个非限制性定语从句修饰night ；as well as是一个并列连接词，连接句子中主语且句中谓语动词的选择用就远一致原则；few表示很少，几乎没有。 翻译：但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，气候极度寒冷降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在这里生存。 4. 原文：Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land. 解析：当含有否定意义的副词或连词等放在句首时，要部分倒装，即把助动词提至主语之前。 因此本句是Not until the late 18th century引导的倒装句。 翻译：直到18世纪末，英国探险家James Cook才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。 5. 原文：In 1961, a treaty signed by 12 countries, including Britain, France, and the USA, made Antarctica the world’s biggest nature reserve. 解析：句子主干：In 1961, a treaty made Antarctica the world’s biggest nature reserve。其中the world’s biggest nature reserve为宾语，Antarctica为宾语补足语；signed为过去分词作定语修饰a treaty，可以转变成定语从句：which was signed by…；including Britain, France, and the USA.为介词短语做定语，修饰a treaty。 翻译：1961年，包括英国、法国和美国在内的12个国家签署了一份