海南岛生物多样性及其保护对策.pdfVIP

2007年 l2月 热 带 农 业 科 学 第27卷第6期 Dec．2007 CHINESE JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE Vo1．27，No．6 海南岛生物多样性及其保护对策① 覃新导 刘永花 (中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 海南儋州 571737) 摘 要 海南岛是我国生物多样性(Bi0diversity)极为丰富的热带地区，但因环境的破坏、生物的过度开发、 环境污染和外来物种的入侵等原因，使生物多样性受到严重威胁，主要体现在：热带雨林及其它天然生态系统 遭受严重破坏，森林植被覆盖面积减少；物种数量总体减少，濒危物种日益增多；大量当地农作物及其生‘物资 源种质不断丧失；外来物种入侵严重；环境污染；生物资源过度开发等。应坚持科学发展观，走可持续发展的 道路，加强对海南岛生物多样性保护。 关键词 海南岛 ；生物多样性 ；保护对策 分类号 X176；Q16 Biodiversity of Hainan Island and Its Protection Countermeasures QIN Xindao LIU Yonghua (Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institut，CATAS，Danzhou，Hainan 57 1737) Abstract Hainan Island is an important tropical region with extraordinarily abundant biodiversity in China．The biodiversity has faced a serious threat due to various factors such as environmental destruction and pollution，excessive exploitation of bio—resources，and invasive alien species in Hainan Island．The tropical rainforests and other natural ecological systems have been seriously damaged， reducing the vegetation area of the forests． The number of species has become low generally and the endangered species increased． Plenty of local farm crops and other biological germ plasms have been being lost continuously．Invasion of alien species is serious，environm ent is polluted，and biological resources are seriously over-exploited．Much attention should be paid to the protection and utilization of the present biodiversity in Hainan Island in a sustainable way．Severa1．effective protection countermeasures are hence proposed． Keyword Hainan Island；biodiversity ；protective countermeasure 生物多样性(Biodiversity)是指所有生物种类、 地球生物多样性主要集中于热带森林，占世界 种内遗传变异和它们与生存环境构成的生态系统的 陆地面积7％的热带森林容纳了世界