降解水中有机氯化物.doc

降解水中有机氯化物 摘 要 有机氯化物在工业生产上应用得非常广泛，然而，几乎所有的有机氯化物都具有毒性，由于污水处理的不彻底，造成了严重的水体污染。目前，对各种有机氯化物含量的检测已成为污水排放指标的一项重要指标。目前，工业上对有机氯化物的处理主要有物理法、生物法、化学氧化法和化学还原法。但是这些方法存在成本高、实施困难、适应性小或者降解率低等特点。而且最重要的是降解时间长，难以用于庞大的工业、生活污水处理。本研究采用微波辐射和fenton试剂催化氧化联合处理水中三氯乙烯和邻氯苯酚。旨在寻找一种对分解水中有机氯化物更为有效，更为快捷的新方法。本研究通过在微波辐射、Fenton试剂氧化催化作用下，对三氯乙烯、邻氯苯酚脱氯降解反应的反应时间、Fenton试剂量和比例、反应物初始浓度、pH值、微波功率、压强等条件进行单因素研究，实验结果表明，脱氯率随微波功率、压强、反应时间的增加而增加，随反应物初始浓度的增加而降低。而fenton试剂的量和比例、pH有一个最佳值存在。本研究还选择单因子实验中影响脱氯降解作用明显的催化剂量、催化剂比例、反应时间、微波功率或pH进行了正交实验研究。分析结果发现三氯乙烯在催化剂比例60：1、催化剂量，（即双氧水体积）1ml、反应时间15min、微波功率500W的最佳条件下，脱氯率可以达到37.08％。邻氯苯酚在催化剂比例120：1、双氧水体积2ml、微波辐射时间8min、溶液pH值＝2的条件下，脱氯率甚至可以达到99.16％。[1] 关键词： 有机氯化物 ABSTRACT ?? The specific methanogenic activity (SMA) test is one of the most commonly used methods to evaluate the activity of anaerobic sludge. In this study, Alkali liquor displacement system was used to measure the SMA of granular sludge from a starch factory inoculated in serum bottle, with volatile fatty acids (VFA) as the substrate. The results showed the perfect property of the sludge and that the different composition of substrate would?produce different SMA of the same granular sludge and the second-time feed would lead to lower SMA because of the maturing of granular sludge and the growth of flocculating sludge. Anaerobic biodegradability is the most important characteristic to determine whether it is suitable for a waste water to be treated by anaerobic treatment process. In this study, anaerobic biodegradability of black liquor from a paper making mill inoculated with the granular sludge mentioned above as the seed was studied. BD% was calculated with the variation of COD of the wastewater in and out the reactor. The results showed the BD% value of this black liquor is up to 66.8% which shows its feasibility of anaerobic treatment. But the COD of effluent was still high, so it could not be let out directly without further treatment. Also, The black liquor, whose concentration is between 4.26-5.33gCOD/L, will not