2012年食品微生物(双语)考题答案.pdfVIP

2012 食品微生物学双语参考答案A 卷 I. Complete the following sentences . （20% ） 1. Bacteria can be divided into two groups according to their cell wall structure, the ___革 兰氏阳性 _and the __革兰氏阴性__. 2. ___ 厌氧菌__ are organisms that can grow without using molecu lar oxygen. Microorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO are called _ 自养型. 2 ___光能营养型__ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light. 3. Viruses consist of ___核酸 ___surrounded by a protein coat. 4. __接合 __ is the process in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another. 5. A culture media where all the ingredients are known is called 合成 media. 6. Ribosomes are structures composed of RNA_ and 蛋白质. Extrachromosomal DNA elements found in some bacteria are called 质粒 7. Unicellular fungi are called 酵母菌. Filamentous fungi form branching structures are called 霉菌. 8. Organisms that grow best above 40 ℃ are called 嗜高温微生物. Organisms that grow best below 20 ℃ are called 嗜低温微生物. 9. Pease write down Chinese name of “Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 伯杰 氏系统细菌学手册. 10. The bacteria 乳酸菌and the enzyme 凝乳酶was needed in manufacturing of cheese( 奶 酪) 11. The reason for go sour (变酸)of wine is transfer of alcohol to 醋酸by 醋酸菌. II. Explaining the Conceptions (30%) 1.Selective media ：选择性培养基。根据某种微生物的特殊营养要求或其对某化学、物理因 素的抗性而设计的培养基 2. Aerobic respiration ：有氧呼吸。指细胞在氧的参与下，通过酶的催化作用，把糖类等有 机物彻底氧化分解，基质氧化脱氢（电子）通过电子传递链最终以分子态氧为最终受体，产 生出二氧化碳和水，同时释放出大量能量的过程。 3.Fermentation：发酵。广义的概念指利用微生物生产菌体细胞或代谢产物。狭义的概念指 微生物以有机代谢的中间产物为氢和电子的受体的一类低产能的能量代谢。 4. endosproe：芽孢。某些细菌在一定生长期内在细胞内产生的具有高度抗性的休眠孢子。 5. Food spoilage ：食品腐败。食品受外界有害因素污染后其理化性质变化，食品原有的色香 味和营养发生从量变到质变的过程，从而使食品质量降低或完全不能食用 6. lactic acid bacteria ：乳酸菌。一大群能从可发酵碳水化合物（葡萄糖等）主要产乳酸的细 菌的统称。 7. Normal flora：动物正常