俺的毕业论文.doc

摘要 偶氮苯类化合物由于其特殊的化学结构可以吸收特定波长的光，故它们很早就作为染料被人们广泛的应用。近年来随着人们对于偶氮苯优良的光致变色性的发现和深入研究，使得其在分子光存储信息材料、分子导线、分子开发等方面和光开关等领域又将有了更广泛的应用前景。 4,4-偶氮二苯酚是一种重要的合成中间体，广泛的用于有机合成以及科学研究。本文讲述了苯酚为原料分两步合成4,4-偶氮二苯酚的过程。第一步由苯酚制备对硝基苯酚，合成方法有直接硝化，硝酸钠加硫酸硝化法和硫酸镍铵选择消化法，本文选用通过硫酸镍铵催化在室温条件下进行选择性硝化制取对硝基苯酚的方法，第二步，由对硝基苯酚制备4,4-偶氮二苯酚的过程，合成方法有重氮化、偶合反应法，取代肼氧化法，硝基化合物还原法，本文重点讲述对硝基化物双分子还原法：对消极苯酚在少量水，大量氢氧化钠，200℃高温条件下，还原缩合合成4,4-偶氮二苯酚的过程。 关键词：4,4-偶氮二苯酚，硫酸镍铵，对硝基苯酚，双分子还原Abstract Azobenzene compounds due to its special chemical structure to absorb specific wavelengths of light, so they have long been a widely used dye.Recent years, with good people for the azobenzene photochromic of discovery and in-depth study, making the optical storage of information in molecular materials, molecular wires, molecular aspects of development areas such as optical switches and in turn have a more wide range of applications. 4,4-Dihydroxy-azo-benzene is an important synthetic intermediates, widely used in organic synthesis and scientific research.This article describes the two-step synthesis of phenol as raw material 4,4-Dihydroxy-azo-benzene process.The first step of p-nitrophenol prepared from phenol, synthesis methods have a direct nitration, nitration of sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate plus nickel ammonium sulfate digestion method selected, this selection catalyzed by nickel ammonium sulfate at room temperature Preparation of selective nitration of the nitrophenol method, the second step, the preparation of p-nitrophenol synthesis 4,4-Dihydroxy-azo-benzene method diazotization, coupling reaction, replacing the hydrazine oxidation, nitro-compounds reduction, this paper focusesNitro compounds described bimolecular reduction: negative phenol in small amount of water on a large number of sodium hydroxide, 200 ℃ high temperature conditions, reducing condensation4,4-Dihydroxy-azo-benzene process.Key words: 4,4-Dihydroxy-azo-benzene, nickel ammonium sulfate, p-nitrophenol, bimolecular reduction 目录 第一节 偶氮化合物简介 1 1.1偶氮化合物的特性与应用 1 1.2