国际贸易（英文） 全套课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Introduction Introduction The study of international economics has never been as important as it is now. At the beginning of the 21st century, nations are more closely linked through trade in goods and services, through flows of money, and through investment in each others’ economies than ever before. Figure 1-1 shows that international trade for the United States has roughly tripled in importance compared with the U.S. economy as a whole. Introduction Introduction What is International Economics About? International economics deals with economic interactions that occur between independent nations. The role of governments in regulating international trade and investment is substantial. Governments also control the supply of currency. There are several issues that recur throughout the study of international economics. What is International Economics About? The Gains from Trade Many people are skeptical about importing goods that a country could produce for itself. When countries sell goods to one another, all countries benefit. Trade and income distribution International trade might hurt some groups within nations. What is International Economics About? The Pattern of Trade (who sells what to whom?) Climate and resources determine the trade pattern of several goods. In manufacturing and services the pattern of trade is more subtle. There are two types of trade: Inter-industry trade depends on differences across countries. Intra-industry trade depends on market size and occurs among similar countries. What is International Economics About? How Much Trade? Many governments are trying to shield certain industries from international competition. This has created the debate dealing with the costs and benefits of protection relative to free trade. What is International Economics About? The Balance of Payments Some countries run large trade surpluses. For example, in 2007 China ran trade surpluses of about $262.2 billion. Is it good to run a trade surplu