跨文化交际必备词.doc

A stereotype is a cognitive structure containing the perceiver’s knowledge,beliefs,and experiences about some human social groups. A being orientation refers to spontaneous expression of the human personality. Beliefs serve as the storage system for the content of our past experiences,including thoughts,memories,and interpretations of events. Cultural patterns are a useful umbrella term that allows us to talk about values,beliefs,and other orientations collectively. Context is the information that surrounds an event;it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of the event. Co-cultures are cultures discussing groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics,perceptions,values,beliefs,and practices that are sufficiently different to distinguish them from other groups and communities and from the dominant culture. Communication is a dynamic process in which people attempt to share their internal states with other people through the use of symbols. Culture is a set of human-made objective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival and resulted in satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche,and thus became shared among those who could communicate with each other because they had a common language and they lived in the same time and place. Cultural identity:the identification of communications of a shared system of symbolic verbal and nonverbal behavior that are meaningful to group members who have a sense of belonging and who share traditions,heritage,language,and similar norms of appropriate behavior.Cultural identity is a social construction. Collectivism is a kind of thought that people primarily view themselves as members of groups and collectives rather than as autonomous individuals.In such cultures people emphasize community,collaboration,shared interest,harmony,tradition,the public good,and maintaining face.Collectivism means greater emphasis on the views.needs,and goals of the in-group r