大气氮沉降的基本特征与监测方法-应用生态学报.PDF

应 用 生 态 学 报摇 2014年2月摇 第25卷摇 第2期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 ChineseJournal of Applied Ecology,Feb. 2014,25(2):599-610 大气氮沉降的基本特征与监测方法* 宋欢欢摇 姜春明摇 宇万太** (中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016) 摘摇 要摇 大气氮沉降主要以干湿沉降两种形式将有机和无机形态的氮带入生态系统,是氮素 生物地球化学循环的重要环节之一.近年来人类活动的加强,使得大量活性氮素进入大气,高 排放量导致氮沉降通量急剧上升,引起一系列的环境风险,因此,对大气氮沉降的研究也越来 越受到关注.本文总结了大气氮沉降的组分、过程、时空变异及生态效应,归纳了目前采用的 干湿沉降的监测手段、临界负荷计算方法及污染物来源解析方法等,展望了氮沉降研究的发 展趋势. 关键词摇 大气氮沉降摇 干湿沉降摇 生态效应摇 临界负荷摇 监测方法 文章编号摇 1001-9332(2014)02-0599-12摇 中图分类号摇 X831摇 文献标识码摇 A Basic features and monitoring methodologies of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. SONG Huan鄄huan,JIANG Chun鄄ming,YU Wan鄄tai (Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China).鄄Chin.J.Appl.Ecol. ,2014,25(2):599-610. Abstract:Atmospheric nitrogen (N)deposition,including dry andwet deposition,isanimportant inorganic and organic N source for ecosystems,and also a key link of the N biogeochemical cycle. Recently,considerableactivenitrogenhasbeenemittedintotheatmosphereduetoenhancedhuman activities. High Nemissionleadstohighdepositionwhichhascausedaseriesof environmentrisks, and more attentionshavebeenfocusedonthisissue. Thisarticlegaveanoverview of thebasiccon鄄 tent about thepresent Ndepositionresearch,such asthecomponent,process,spatial andtemporal variation,aswell as ecological effect. Then the sampling methods of wet and dry deposition in the field,analysismethodsinlaboratory andprimary techniquesof Nsourceidentificationwere summa鄄 rized. The N deposition research trend in the future was emphasized. Key words:atmospheric nitrogen deposition;dry and wet deposition; ecological effect; critical loads;monitoring m