小学生学习拖延的教育对策.doc

摘 要 学习拖延是拖延行为在学习过程中的表现，学生在有足够时间和精力的情况下，故意延缓或推迟完成一些必须要完成的学习任务的不理智行为倾向。有研究表明，学习拖延是一种消极的回避性行为，它会造成学习时间的浪费，学生不能按时完成规定的学习任务，进而导致学习效率降低，成绩下降，久而久之对学生的身心健康产生极为不良的影响。 本研究的研究对象是小学生，主要采用文献综述和观察分析的研究方法，在借鉴国内外研究的基础上，针对目前小学生在学习过程中普遍存在的学习拖延现象进行了深入归纳和分析。研究结果认为，小学生学习拖延行为主要受个体内部因素和外部因素的影响。内部因素主要有：缺乏注意力和自制力、时间观念和管理低效、自我效能感和自我调节能力低等。外部因素主要有：学习任务的性质、父母教养方式和生活环境等。根据影响小学生学习拖延的因素将学习者分为自尊导向型、任务导向型、环境导向型和习惯导向型四类，并提出了具有针对性的、有效性的教育措施：首先，要注重培养小学生自信心与责任心，提高自我效能感；其次，要改变小学生学习任务的现状，激发学生的学习动机；再次，要为学生营造积极向上的学习环境；最后，引导小学生正确地管理时间和规划学习，从而有效地帮助小学生改变学习拖延的不良行为，促进小学生身心健康地成长。 关键词：小学生；学习拖延；影响因素；类型；教育对策 Abstract Procrastination is a learning behavior in the process of learning, the students in the case of intentional delay or delay, there is enough time and energy, the behavior of the unreasonable to complete the unreasonable learning tasks. Studies have shown that procrastination is a passive avoidance behavior, which will lead to a waste of time to learn, students are not learning tasks completed on time, thereby reducing the learning efficiency, in time in the process of performance degradation, physical and mental health of students produce very adverse effects. The object of this study is the primary school students, mainly uses the research methods of literature review and observation and analysis, on the basis of research at home and abroad, aiming at the common students in the learning process the delay phenomenon summarized and analyzed. According to the research results, students learning procrastination is mainly influenced by individual internal factors and external factors. Internal factors mainly include: lack of attention and self-control, the concept of time and efficiency, self-efficacy and self adjustment ability. The external factors mainly include: the nature of the learning task, parenting style and living environment. According to the influencing factors of academic predestination of learners will be divided into self oriented, task oriented, environment oriented and custom orient