胶体与界面化学双语期末复习Summerization and discussion2.ppt

Summerization and discussion Terms in English(10 points) True or False(10 points) Choices(20 points) Answers in brief(15 points) Calculations(20-30 points) Answers according to the diagram(10 points) Derivations(0-10 points) Terms in English 1. Colloid Colloid is a dispersion of the particle that has some linear dimension between 1 and 1000（100）nm. Colloids include Lyophilic or hydrophilic and Lyophobic or hydrophobic. 2. Interface chemistry A science to study properties of the interfaces between substances. 3. Characteristics of colloidsHigh polydispersity (various particle size)Multy-phases (bulk phases, interface)Thermodynamically unstable (have interface)Various shapes and structures of dispersed phase  (disk-like, branch, aggregates, network)4. Diffusion: A transport process of matter from a high-concentration region to a low-concentration region spontaneously. 5. Brownian motion Random motion of a particle in  a continuous phase.6. Osmotic pressure When a solution of organic or inorganic solutes is seprated from the pure solvent by a menbrane permeable only to the solvent,the pure solvent would flow through the membrane in an attempt to equaulize the concentration differeence.The pressure necessary to stop this flow is called osmotic pressure. 7. Tonnan Equilibria When the membrane in the osmotic pressure experiment is permeable to the solvent and small ions but not to a macroion such as polyelectrolyte or charged colloidal particles ,the polyelectrolyte or charged colloidal particles prevented from moving to the other side,perturbs the concentration distribution of small ions and give rise to an ionic equilibrium with attendent potential differences.The resulting equilibrium is called Tonnan Equilibria. Tonnan Equilibrium When NaCl is reached in equilibrium, the chemical potential of NaCI is equal in both side of the membrane. ?NaCl（in）= ?ˊNaCl（out） ( 3 ) RT ln a NaCl = RT ln aˊNaCl