环境建模与软件外文翻译文献.doc

外文文献翻译 () 文献出处： Li J, Heap A D. Environmental Modelling Software[J]. Ecological Informatics, 2011, 6(5):228-241. 英文原文 Environmental Modelling Software J Li?，?AD Heap1.Introduction Over the last decades the amount of geospatial data has grown rapidly as a result of the number of satellites and the use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS). To assist in the analysis and visualization of all this data, several geographic information systems (GISs) and Web GIS sites have been developed (Steiniger and Hunter, 2012). Some of the Web GIS sites share common functionalities, such as access to raw data or the ability to overlap different layers (Kulawiak et al., 2010; Karnatak et al., 2012; Nair and Katiyar, 2011). Web GIS sites that display environmental data, like the PacificIslands Ocean Observing System (Voyager) or the Web GIS sitesdeveloped by the European Environment Agency, have an evenlarger set of common features, such as the ability to identify layerdata at any coordinate, and the capability to plot data in real time. However, to the best of our knowledge, any open source program that automatically generates Web GIS sites with a minimum set of features that allow efficient publication of 4Dgeospatial data. A common procedure for publishing georeferenced data on a Web GIS site includes the following steps. First, generate the data to be published. Then, upload the data into a map server such as MapServer (Kropla, 2005), GeoServer (Deoliveira, 2008), ArcMap Server, ncWMS (Blower et al., 2013), etc. Finally, with a group of programmers and web designers, build the web interface (the Web GIS site) to display the data for the user. This interface provides several ways to visualize and serve data, and, even when most Web GIS sites do not have direct access to the data, they normally obtain the data through map severs. The software described in this paper greatly simplifies the final step, building Web GIS sites, thus reducing the time and costs for publishing geospatia