毕业论文(设计)-《GPS高程测量及高程拟合研究》.doc

沈阳建筑大学 毕业论文 毕 业 论 文 题 目 GPS高程测量及高程拟合研究 学院专业班级 学 生 姓 名 性别 指 导 教 师 职称 2012年 6 月 15 日 摘 要 论文首先叙述了GPS的产生及其在社会领域中的重要地位，本文研究的目的和意义，提高GPS定位精度和高程拟合精度以至得到高精度的GPS水准高程，真正的实现GPS的三维优越性，以及GPS高程拟合国内外研究现状。 然后介绍了GPS高程测量相关的一些问题，包括大地水准面与正高、似大地水准面与正常高、参考椭球面与大地高的概念，GPS高程测量的原理，影响GPS高程测量精度的因素和GPS高程的精度评定指标，以及研究了应用中经常用到的高程拟合方法，等值线图示法、多项式曲线拟合法、三次样条曲线拟合法、多项式曲面拟合法、多面函数曲面拟合法、地球重力场模型拟合法等。 最后用多项式曲面拟合法的两种数学模型对辽宁核电站的部分GPS数据进行了拟合，并对其拟合结果进行了分析与比较得出了如下结论：首先高程异常具有地区性，因此高程拟合模型应根据研究区域的特征来选择；其次采用同样的拟合方法，起算点数量越多，分布越均匀，分布于网中的位置越合理，则拟合精度越高；最后在应用高程拟合时，也可以通过提高GPS观测精度和水准测量精度来提高GPS拟合精度。 关键词：GPS高程；高程精度；高程拟合  Abstract It firstly describes the GPS in the rise and important in the fields of social status, The purpose of the research and meaning improve GPS location accuracy and elevation fitting precision and get high precision GPS level elevation, the real realization of 3 d GPS advantages and GPS elevation fitting research situation. And then introduced GPS leveling of relevant to some problems include the geodetic height, geoid and orthometric height, quasigeoid and normal high concept, GPS height measurement of principle, affect the accuracy of the GPS leveling factors and the accuracy of GPS elevation evaluation index, and often used in the application of elevation fitting methods: Isoline the law, Polynomial curve is legal, Three spline curve is legal, Polynomial surface is legal, More surface function surface fitting legal, The earths gravity field model is legal and so on. Finally with polynomial surface is legal Liaoning nuclear power station plant on the part of data fitting, and the fitting results are analyzed and compared draw some conclusions are as follows: First the abnormal height has regional, so the elevation of the fitting model should be selected according to the regional features to choose; then used the same fitting method, the starting point, the greater the num