论英语提升动词-外国语言学与应用语言学专业论文.docx

摘 摘 要 近年来，提升与控制理论愈来愈引起语言学家的注意。本文在管约论的框架 下对英语提升结构中的提升动词进行句法分析。论文首先阐明了与提升动词紧密 相关的理论，分别是题元理论，格理论，X．bar理论和名词短语移位；接着介绍 了提升动词的定义及分类。在英语中，导致分句主语通过名词短语移位提升至主 句主语或宾语位置的动词，被称为提升动词(raising verb)。根据动词性质，可 将提升动词分为两类：主语提升动词，如seem，appear,happen等；宾语提升动 词，如believe，imagine，prefer等。英语中还存在一类界限模糊的动词，这类动词 在某些情况下发挥提升动词的作用，因此亦被视为提升动词，如be，begin，promise, want等。本文主要分析了提升动词的语法特征：1．典型提升动词seem的语法特 征分析；2．所有的提升动词都不能指派题元角色；3．虚义代词it,there可作提升 动词的主语；4．提升动词不能指派结构格；5．在提升结构中提升动词没有被动 态。 提升动词与控制动词、被动式动词的区分也成为语法研究中的重点和难点。 为了更清楚细致的理解提升动词，本文将其与控制动词和被动式动词进行了比 较。提升动词与控制动词的区别是：1．题元角色指派差；2．非限定性不定式补 语分句的被动语态的差；3．主语的语义选择的差；4．虚义主语使用差；提升动 词与被动式动词的区别是：1．题元角色指派差；2．结构格指派差。 关键词：提升动词；控制动词；被动式动词；句法分析 II AbstractNowadays，Raising Abstract Nowadays，Raising and Control more and more attract theorists’attention．This thesis focuses on the syntactic analysis of the raising verb under raising construction in GB．To start with，some theories that closely relate谢th the raising verb are introduced at the very beginning of this thesis．These theories are theta theory,ease theory,X—bar theory and the NP movement operation．After that，this thesis illustrates the definition and classification of raising verbs．The verbs like seem，appear,happen, turn out which raise a component of a lower clause into a higher clause are called raising verbs．According to the characteristic of the raising verb，it Can be classified into two parts：one is the subject-to-subject raising verb，like seem，appear and happen；the other the subject-to-object raising verb，like believe，imagine and prefer． There are also some arguments about some other raising Verbs．These verbs，such as begin，promise,and want,etc．behave like raising verbs in raising situations，but not in other situations．Body of this thesis is the analysis of the features of raising verbs．The features analyzed here are"1．the grammatical property of seem；2．not assign its subject theta roles；3．relations with dummy subject it and there；4．not assign its subject structural case；5．no passive forms in raising constr