HOPE糖尿病患者教育项目概述.ppt

糖尿病足(DF) 世界卫生组织： 与局部神经异常和下肢远端外周血管病变相关的足部感染、溃疡和/或深层组织破坏。 引发糖尿病足的主要危险因素 神经病变 血管病变 感染 畸形（charcot病变，神经性水肿） 糖尿病并发症是怎么引起的？ * * * * 2003年，糖尿病患者人数最多的5个国家依次为：印度3550万、中国2380万、美国1600万、俄罗斯970万、日本670万。中国高居第二位！ * * * * * * * * * * * * * 我们知道，2型糖尿病并不是一种单纯的疾病，它涉及全身多种脏器和组织，可引起多种慢性并发症以及合并症。而且，2型糖尿病确诊时，50%的患者已存在并发症。 糖尿病的慢性并发症直接危害人们的健康和生活： 1.糖尿病视网膜病变是目前导致适合工作年龄人群失明的首要原因； 2.糖尿病肾病是终末期肾病的首要原因； 3. 糖尿病可使心血管死亡率和卒中危险性增加2-4倍； 4. 糖尿病患者中每10人有8人最终死于心血管事件； 5.糖尿病神经病变及外周血管病变是导致非创伤性下肢截肢手术的主要原因。 此外，大量国内外的临床研究表明：糖尿病并发症是影响2 型糖尿病年治疗费用的重要因素。并发症的日益显现，经济负担愈加巨大沉重。 * * * * * Teach patient what to expect when they become hypoglycemic Write down these common symptoms and describe the treatment. If possible allow the patient to experience under controlled circumstances. Have a family member or significant other present, have a meal prepared. Give regular insulin or rapid-acting insulin prior to a meal. Have the patient abstain from eating until they experience some of the symptoms of low blood sugar. When they feel the symptoms, test their glucose level, then proceed with meal (consuming a rapid acting carbohydrate source first). Have the patient discuss with the family member how they felt when experiencing hypoglycemia, have the family member tell the patient what they witnesses as far as symptoms and behaviour. Explain to patients that the symptoms may not be the same for all persons; they may not experience all of the symptoms and they may not have the same symptoms each time. Instruct the patient to carry a fast acting source of glucose with them at all times. Instruct them in the causes of hypoglycemia * If you feel the symptoms of hypoglycemia: 1. Check your blood sugar immediately. If your sugar is below 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL ) or you can NOT check you blood sugar, eat one serving of one of the foods listed. Avoid foods with high fat content, such as chocolate, since the fat content slows down the absorption of the glucose. 2. Wait 15 minutes and recheck blood sugar level. 3. If it is