土木工程专业英语科技英语翻译（3）.ppt

科技英语与翻译 翻译技巧（3）  （1）词量的减少 例1 In the formula, E is the elastic modulus of the material, I is the moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area with respect to the minor principle axis, and L is the length of the member between points of support. 式中E为材料弹性模量，I为关于截面副主轴的惯性距，L为支座间的距离。 此句省译英语连词and。 例2： It is known to all that a cable-stayed bridge is much more complicated than a simply-supported one. 众所周知，斜拉桥比简支桥复杂得多。 此句省译英语引导词that。 例3： As fresh concrete is plastic, it can be cast into any desire shape. 由于新拌混凝土具有可塑性，所以可浇筑成需要的任意形状。 此句省译英语代词it。 例4： Because the contract has not been signed, we cannot start with the construction project. 由于合同未签，还不能开工。 此句省译英语代词we。 例5： The high plastic index of the oil lends itself very susceptible to shear failure. 该土的塑性指数高，容易发生剪切破坏。 此句省译英语反身代词itself。 be subject to be liable to be apt to 例6： Different types of beams differ in their mechanisms to resist the loads. 不同类型的梁抵抗荷载的机理也不同。 此句省译英语物主代词their。 例7： The shear wall resists a shear force greater than that resisted by all the columns in this story. 此剪力墙的抗剪强度比本层所有柱的总和还要大。 此句省译英语动词resisted。 例8： Concrete expands when heated and contracts when cooled almost the same as rebars do. 混凝土和钢筋几乎一样，受热会膨胀，遇冷便收缩。 此句两处都省译了英语连词when。 例9： In the excavation of a deep trench, timbering is necessary. 深沟开挖必须进行支护。 此句省译英语介词in。 例10： It is the section curvature ductility of a reinforced concrete beam that makes its moment redistribution possible. 正是钢筋混凝土梁截面的曲率延性使其弯矩重新分布成为可能。 此句省译英语强调句中的先行词it。 （2）词类转换 英汉两种语言有各自的结构与表达方式，在翻译时不能逐次翻译，而要使译文符合汉语的表达习惯、通顺自然。这就要求进行词类转换，即英语中的某一词类并不一定译成汉语中相应的词类。 词类转换译法主要有以下四种情况： 1、转译为动词 在汉语中，动词使用的频率较高，在许多情况下，要将英语中的名词、形容词、副词甚至介词转换为动词。 例1： On the basis of virtual work principle, the displacement of the joint of this triangular truss can be readily found. 根据虚功原理，可容易地求出该三角形桁架那个节点的位移。 此处将介词短语 one the basis of 译成动词“根据”。 例2. When structures are built in area of permafrost, special consideration