5月托福阅读基础班讲义printed version.doc

托福阅读基础班讲义 Versio Table of Contents TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u Ⅰ.Basic Reading Requirements 2 1.1. Material Reference 2 1.2. Vocabulary 2 1.3 Sentence 7 1.3.1 Parallel Constructions 12 1.3.2Parenthetical sentence 13 1.3.3Phrases 13 1.3.4Appositons 16 1.3.5Attributive clauses 16 1.3.6Complex sentences 17 Ⅱ.Effective Reading Practice 20 2.1 Coherence 20 2.2. Structure 23 Ⅲ.Critical Reading Practice 24 3.1Distinguish fact from opinion 24 3.2Topic (generalization) and main idea 25 3.3. Purpose and inference 26 Table of words with various meanings: 28 Table of Correlative words 29 Complex sentences for practice 30 Vocabulary with Contexts 34  Ⅰ.Basic Reading Requirements 1.1. Material Reference §Building Skills for the TOEFL iBT (North Star) §Old TOEFL Reading Passages §Old TOEFL Vocabulary §Effective Reading in a Changing World 1.2. Vocabulary §How many words? §How to promote efficiency? §What kinds of words? √ multivocal words √ abstract words √ academic words √ correlative words √ multivocal words Little test: 1.The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, grasses, bards, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes -not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects. 2.Large domestic animals became the societies’ main source of animal protein, replacing wild game, and they also furnished wool, leather, and land transport. 3.The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. 4.Most machines, no matter how complex they may be, are combinations of the lever and the inclined plane. 5.In the foreground rose the Gongtang Pagoda with its dazzling gilded stupa rising above a rectangular series of green ti