自动换刀的装置系统毕业设计.docx

摘  要 本论文介绍的是数控机床自动换刀装置（刀库式），刀库式的自动换刀装置是由刀库和刀具 交换装置（换刀机械手）组成。它是多工序数控机床上应用最广泛的换刀装置，其整过换刀过程 比较复杂。首先把加工过程中需要使用的全部刀具安装在标准的刀柄上，在机床外进行尺寸预调 后，按一定的方式装入刀库。换刀时，先在刀库中进行选刀，由机械手从刀库和主轴上取出刀具， 然后交换位置，把新刀插入主轴，旧刀放回刀库。存放刀具的刀库具有较大的容量，其容量为六 把刀具,采用盘形结构,安装在机床的左侧立柱上。 刀库中，刀具按预定工序的先后顺序插入刀库的刀座中，使用时按顺序转到取刀位置。用过 的刀具放回原来的刀座内，也可以按加工顺序放入下一个刀座内。该法不需要刀具识别装置，驱 动控制也比较简单，工作可靠。但刀库中每一把刀具在不同工序中不能重复使用，为了满足加工 需要只有增加刀具的数量和刀库的容量，这就降低了刀具和刀库的利用率。此外，装刀时必须十 分谨慎，如果刀具不按顺序装在刀库中，将会产生严重的后果。顺序选刀是在加工之前，将加工 零件所需刀具按照工艺要求依次插入刀库的刀套中，顺序不能有差错。加工时按顺序调刀。适合 加工批量较大、工件品种数量较少的中、小型自动换刀装置。所以刀具的选择方式确定为顺序选 择刀具。 关键词：数控 自动换刀 刀库 顺序 目  录 第一章 数控机床的产生 第二章 数控机床的发展 1 数控系统的发展 · ·························································································· 5 2.2 机床的发展趋势 · ·························································································· 5 第三章 自动换刀装置 1 自动换刀装置的结构原理 · ·············································································· 6 3.1.1 自动换刀装置的形式 ··················································································· 6 3.1.2 回转刀架 · ································································································ 6 3.2 自动换刀装置的形式 · ···················································································· 8 3.2.1．回转刀架换刀 · ························································································· 8 3.2.2．更换主轴头换刀 · ······················································································ 10 3.2.3．带刀库的自动换刀系统· ············································································· 11 3．3、高速加工中心的快速自动换刀技术· ······························································ 11 3.3．1 快速自动换刀技术 ··················································································· 11 3.3.2 快速换刀的一些结构方法 · ··········································································· 13 第四章 故障与维修 1 换刀过程常见的故障 · ···················································································· 14 4.2 常见故障的维修 · ········································