物流系统设计的选址模型介绍英文版.pptx

Facility location models for distribution system design物流系统设计的选址模型IntroductionTypes of modelsGeneral methodsIntroduction The design of the distribution system is a strategic issue for almost every company. The problem of locating facilities and allocating customers covers the core topics of distribution system design. Industrial firms must locate fabrication(制造厂) and assembly plants(组装厂) as well as warehouses(仓库). Stores have to be located by retail outlets(零售网点). The ability to manufacture and market its products is dependent in part on the location of the facilities. Similarly, government agencies have to decide about the location of offices, schools, hospitals, fire stations, etc. In every case, the quality of the services depends on the location of the facilities in relation to other facilities.Types of models The problem of locating facilities is not new to the operations research community(运筹学); the challenge of where to best site facilities has inspired a rich, colorful and ever growing body of literature. To cope with the multitude of applications(众多应用) encountered in the business world and in the public sector, an ever expanding family of models has emerged.Facility location models can be broadly classified as follows:The shape or topography of the set of potential plants yields models in the plane, network location models(网络选址模型), and discrete location(离散选址) or mixed-integer programming models(混合正数规划模型), respectively.Objectives(目标函数) may be either of the minsum or the minmax type. Minsum models are designed to minimize average distances while minmax models have to minimize maximum distances. Predominantly(此外), minsum models embrace location problems of private companies while minmax models focus on location problems arising in the public sector.Models without capacity constraints do not restrict(限制) demand allocation. If capacity constraints for the potential sites have to be obeyed demand has to be allocated carefully. In the latter c