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Chapter 3
The Causal Relationship
The Logic of Nomothetic
Explanation
In this model, we try to find independent
variables that account for the variations in
a given phenomenon
This contrasts with the idiographic model
in which we seek a complete, in-depth
understanding of a single case
Criteria for nomothetic
Causality
1. A statistical correlation between the two
variables
2. The cause takes place before the effect
3. There is no third variable that can
explain away the observed correlation
as spurous
Correlation
a relationship between two variables such that
changes in one are associated with changes
in the other
particular attributes of one variable are
associated with particular attributes of the
other
Correlation in and of itself does not constitute
a causal relationship between the two
variables, but it is one criterion of causality
Spurious Relationships
Relationships that aren't genuine
A coincidental statistical correlation
between two variables, shown to be
caused by some third variable
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