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S1247711
PassageBackgrounds
CheckboxesRelatedQuestionTypes
S1. 人类导航(科技类)
True/ False/ NG ListofHeadings
Summary ParagraphMatching
Matching MultipleChoices
Finding Our Ways
A Drive200yards, andthenturn right,saysthe carscomputervoice. You relaxinthe drivers
seat,followthedirectionsandreachyourdestinationwithouterror.Itscertainlyniceto havethe
Global Positioning System (GPS) to direct you to within a few yards of your goal. Yet if the
satellite services digital maps become even slightly outdated, you can become lost.Then you
haveto rely on the ancient human skill of navigating inthree-dimensional space. Luckily,your
biologicalfinder hasan importantadvantageoverGPS: itdoes notgoawaryifonlyone partof
the guidance system goes wrong, because it works invarious ways. You can ask questions of
peopleonthesidewalk.Orfollowastreetthatlooksfamiliar.Orrelyonanavigationalrubric:IfI
keepthe EastRiveronmyleft,Iwilleventuallycross34thStreet.The humanpositioningsystem
is flexible and capable of learning.Anyone who knowsthe way from pointA to point B—and
fromAtoC—canprobablyfigureouthowtogetfrom BtoC,too.
B But how does this complex cognitive system reallywork? Researchers are looking at several
strategies people use to orient themselves in space: guidance, path integration and route
following.We mayuseallthreeorcombinationsthereof.Andasexpertslearnmoreaboutthese
navigational skills, they are making the case that our abilities may underlie our powers of
memoryandlogicalthinking.GrandCentral, PleaseImaginethatyou havearrivedinaplaceyou
have nevervisited—NewYork City.You get offthe train at Grand CentralTerminal in midtown
Manhattan.You have a few hoursto explore beforeyou must returnfor your ride home.Y
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