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Why do smokers tend to weigh less than nonsmokers and gain weight when they
give up the habit?
Contrary to “commonknowledge ”nonsmokers, do not generally eat more than
smokers, nor do they exercise less, studies find. Research performed on smokers at
rest indicates that nicotine (尼古丁 ) itself can increase basal metabolic (新陈代谢的 )
rates, meaning smokers burn more energy than nonsmokers during periods of
inactivity. But surveys suggest most smokers smoke not while completely at rest, but
while performing light activities such as desk work that can increase metabolic rates
by two or three times. Unless nicotine metabolic’s effects increase proportionally
with metabolic rates, its influence on weight might be insignificant.
Now a study shows that nicotine ffects on body-fuel consumption indeed increase’s e
proportionally with increases in activity. “Theseresults indicate that the metabolic
effect of nicotine may play a greater part in accounting for body-weight differences
between smokers and nonsmokers than w as previously believed, ” says Kenneth A.
Perkins and his colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
The researchers gave a nicotine nose spray to individuals performing light work— in
this case riding an exercise bicycle modified to allow easy riding while subjects
remain seated in a comfortable armchair. The activity raised resting metabolic rates
two to three times.
By analyzing air breathed out, the researchers calculated energy consumption in the
armchair bicyclists before and after giving the nose spray and compared the relative
changes with subjects in the control group given placebo ( (试验药物用的)无效对
照剂 ) nose sprays. Relative to their baseline bicycle expenditures, individuals in the
nicotine group expended considerably more energy than did those in control group
while doing the sam
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