细胞信号通路ppt细胞信号通路大全上下细胞信号通路ppt igf1r_signaling.ppt

IGF1R Signaling IP3R IP3 IGF1R IGF1IGF2 Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Raf NF-kB SOS SHC IRS PTEN PIP2 PI3K GRB2 p70S6K S6 C3G FKHRL1 GTP P P 14-3-3 BAD P P P P P Glucose Uptake GLUT4 Translocation VGCC NFAT MEF2 CREB P FKHRL1 14-3-3 Cell Survival ProteinSynthesis GlycogenSynthesis GeneExpression IkB P P IkB Degradation GSK3β eIF4E NFAT Calcineurin NFAT Calm CalmKs ERK1/2 GLUT4Vesicle GLUT4 PKCξ PKCλ Akt eIF2B Glycogen Synthase NF-kB BAD P P P Elk1 PDK-1 IKKs mTOR 14-3-3 Ca2+ Caspase9 Ca2+ MEK1/2 BAD PLC PIP3 Ras Crk 2009 ProteinL C * Review: Programmed cell death, a form of altruistic suicide is a genetically controlled means of cellular self-destruction that leads to dismantling and packaging of cell material for removal by phagocytosis. All cells possess the ability to undergo programmed cell death (otherwise known as apoptosis), and the process is essential for normal development to shape organs and tissues as well as to remove damaged cells. Although the cell may require de novo synthesis of some signaling molecules, the machinery for apoptosis is constantly present and may be rapidly activated. Therefore, the process of apoptosis needs tight regulation, and such regulation has been shown to be brought about by signaling through peptide growth factors including the IGF (Insulin-Like Growth Factor) system (Ref.1). The IGF system has a broad and potent ability to prevent apoptosis both during normal development and during stress or disease, in a wide array of cell types as diverse as osteoblasts, melanoma cells, cardiac myoblasts, neuronal cells, and epithelium. IGF1R (IGF1 Receptor), activated by its ligands, plays a pivotal role in tissue homeostasis, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and migration during development and in the adults. Activation of the IGF1R is a particularly important survival-promoting signal (Ref.2). IGF1R is a transmembrane, ligand-activated tyrosine protein kinase that consists of Alpha2Beta2 heterotetramers he