初中英语直接引语和间接引语讲解与训练.doc

直接引语和间接引语的讲解 直接引语（Direct Speech）：当我们引用别人的话语时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部 分叫直接引语。 间接引语（Indirect Speech）：当我们引用别人的话语时，也可以用自己的话把意思转 述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。 典型例句： 1.She said , ” I like English very mu.c“h （直接引语） （她说：“我非常喜欢英语”。） 典型例句： 2.She said she liked English very much. （间接引语） （她说她非常喜欢英语。） 一、直接引语与间接引语的转化 A.陈述句的间接引语 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个 that 引导的宾 语从句，引述动词通常是 say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方 面也要相应有所变化，其中人称的变化与汉语的变化是一致的。 例 1）John said, “I ’ve been late again. ” → John said that he had been late again. 例 2）She said ,”We are very fond of sports. ” → She said that they were very fond of sports. B.疑问句的间接引语 1．一般疑问句 一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词 if 或 whether，其主 句动词常用 ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know 等。句末不用问号。 例 1）My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music ” → My teacher asked me if /whether I liked American country music. 重要提示： if 和 whether 一般可通用，但 whether 可以和 or not连用，if 不能。 例： I asked her whether she had visited the museum two days before 反意疑问句 反意疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把它看成是一般疑问句，即句型为陈述句，在句 子前面加 if 或 whether ，往往后面还要加上 or not ，常用 whether ? ? or not. 例 1）She cried, ”You have ma abdigemistake, haven’t you ” →She cried whether I had made a big mistake or not. 3．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句 如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用 whether ? ?or not连接。 例 1）She said, Don't you know my telephone number → She asked me whether I knew her telephone number o r not. 例 2）Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. → Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 4．特殊疑问句 间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从 句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用 ask。 例 1）He asked,“How do you like it ” → He asked mehow I liked it. 例 2）She asked me,“What's the matter with you ” → She asked me what was the matter with me. 例 3）”How many books do you have ”she asked. → She asked me how many books I had. C. 祈使句的间接引语 1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+ 宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式） 。引述动词可根据口气选用 tell, ask, order, command, request 等词，句中 please 去掉。 例 1）She said to me, “Please have a rest.“ → She asked me to have a rest. 例 2）”Don't all answer at once ”, she said to the pup