2021年上海中考英语语法复习：介词讲解及提升练习（有答案）.docxVIP

中考语法复习：介词的讲解及提升练习 一、定义： 介词：是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。 二、介词短语的句法作用 1、介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。 如：The man came <down the stairs>.(状) The woman <with a flower on her head> is from the countryside.(定) The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起) 2、在句子中的位置： 介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾。 如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。 如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语) They searched the room for the thief. The letters are for you.(表语) Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语) 三、介词用法 表时间的介词： 1.at通常用于：(表示在某个时刻或者瞬间) at+时间点,节日(泛指圣诞节、新年等整个假期时，要用at)如： at 7:30; at lunch time; at Christmas 在圣诞节期间 固定词组搭配：at dawn, at night, at midnight, at noon, at that time, at the moment 2. on通常用于：(表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等) on+具体时间（日期，星期几） on October 1st ; on Monday; on a rainy morning; on Teachers’ Day on Christmas Day 在圣诞节这一天 3. in通常用于：(表示在一段时间里) ①in+世纪/年/月/季节/早/中/晚 in the 20th century, in the late 18th century ②特定的年龄段，in his thirties （在他30多岁时） 补充1： 表示“在一段时间之后”，句子常用一般将来时。 e.g. He will come back in an hour.他一小时后会回来。 表示“在一段时间之内”，句子常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 e.g.There as once an artist. He could draw a beautiful horse in five minutes. 注意：在含有this、that 、these、those、next、 last 、today、tomorrow、 yesterday等词 或词组前不用介词。 4.since和for 两者都表示一段时间，可以用于完成时； since + 时间段 + ago/+ 时间点/一般过去时句子，for +时间段。 e.g. Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970. Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. * since 和for 可以进行句型转换： He has been in this school since nine years ago. = He has been in this school for nine years. * 对since/for+时间 进行提问时，用how long. 补充： 介词for：1.为了 My mother bought a present for me. 2. 对于 It’s difficult for him to finish the task. 3. 因为 I am sorry for his misfortune. 5.until和by by意为“不迟于，到…时(为止）”，其前多用结束性动词。 e.g.We can finish the work by the end of this month. until用于肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，用于否定句中“not.....until.....”意为“直到……才”. e.g.she didn't come back ho