2021年自学高教自考模拟英语翻译技巧5.docVIP

自学高教自考英语翻译技巧5 关于加词、减词等在翻译时应注意问题。 　　所谓加词就是依照原文思想内涵透过文字表达上表面现象，充分照顾到另一种语言文法特性、描述规律，在将其翻译成另一种语言时该加词地方加词，该减词地方减词，千万不可觉得了可以追求所谓“精练、简洁”而随随便便地减词；也不可以离开原文，凭空腻测，随随便便加词。详细地说： 　　加词： I.由于词汇方面因素而引起加词现象： 1.加动词由于英语是一门“静止”语言，在所有词汇当中，用名词居多；而相比较而言，汉语则无此限制，不论有多少动词都可以并排使用。因而，许多英语名词翻译成汉语时都要加上某些动词，否则，意思则很不完整，例如： a. But by 1981 he had to have further surgery on his hand. And a month later，he suffered as stroke. 到了1981年，她手不得不又做了一次手术。一种月后来，她又中风了。 b. His speech in at the meeting turned out exert an stimulating effect on the mind of the people present that day. 那天在会上所做报告使所有在场人深受鼓舞。 c. He maintains that only hard work and unswerving perseverance can lead to improved performance. 她坚持以为，只有通过勤奋工作加上不懈努力才会获得好成绩。 d. The lives claimed by shoddy construction projects should be enough to put governments at all levels on the alert. 伪劣建筑夺取了诸多人生命，这一点足以使咱们各级部门提高警惕。 e. Efforts must be made to improve service for more than 1 million domestic and overseas tourists. 为了一百万国内外旅客利益，咱们一定为改进服务质量而进行努力。 f. You ought to know better than to go swimming straight after a meal. 你不应当一吃过饭，立即就去游泳，这是很不明智。 　　2.加名词：在汉语中，及物和不及物动词区别不是很明显，有时所谓及物动词背面宾语如果上下文中可以看出，往往可以省略不说；而英语则否则。由于英语对及物动词和不及物动词区别很明显，因而翻译成汉语时则很麻烦。特别是某些不及物动词必要带上它背面宾语句子意思才干显得完整。因而，咱们在翻译时往往就需要增补。 a. Make a schedule or chart of you time and fill in committed time such as eating，playing， meetings，classes，etc. 作一种时间表，然后，将吃饭、睡觉、开会、上课等等时间填上。 b. It was two hours before the old couple mustered up enough courage to get up and called the police and they explained that they’d done that after much deliberation. 直到两个小时后来，那对老夫妻才有勇气敢从床上爬起来给警察打电话，并解释说那也是通过仔细考虑才敢作。 　　c.这见事据说是一种组织严密团伙干。 　　 The operation is believed to be the work of a well-organized organized group. 　　d.我是为情谊和求学而来。 　　 I came here in the spirit of friendship and learning. 有时形容词前面也可以加上名词： e. His wife thinks that this furniture is too expensive and，moreover looks very ugly. 她妻子以为，这件家具价格昂贵并且外表难看。 f. I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation and it confirmed them in their belief that I