（外研版）必修一高考分类题库： 高考分类题库考点1 阅读理解 Word版含解析.doc

精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载 精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载 精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 一、科普知识类 - 1 - 二、广告宣传类 - 9 - 三、政治经济类 - 20 - 四、人物传记类 - 21 - 五、文化教育类 - 37 - 六、社会生活类 - 60 - 七、环境保护类 - 86 - 八、文学艺术类 - 93 - 考点1 阅读理解 科普知识类 (·江苏卷·B) 话题:黑猩猩与人类　　词数:387　　难度:★★★ 　　Chimps(黑猩猩)will cooperate in certain ways,like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings,they have little instinct(本能)to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children,who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory,chimps don’t naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or,with no greater effort,a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage,he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish. Human children,on the other hand,are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages,they desire to help others,to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door,almost all will immediately try to help. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,inform and share are not taught,but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills,at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello,the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world test