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CHAPTER 5;本章重点;Monks at Chartres Cathedra
Medieval Monasticism
Cluny Abbey克吕尼修道院
The
DUOMO MILANO 意大利米兰大教堂
Jean de Chelles, Rose Window, Notre Dame
Not Pope nor King is immune from the ravage of Death
Investiture Controversy
The Concordat of Worms沃尔姆斯宗教协定
Crusaders take Jerusalem
Crusaders expelled from Holy Land, 1291
Ghetto
Medieval plowing
Harvest: Better agriculture produced more food
Cities were rebuilt
The towns were centers of commerce
Knight on charger
Code of chivalry
Medieval romance
NOTRE DAME 法国巴黎圣母院
DOM KOLN 德国科隆大教堂;
;HISTORICAL BACKGROUND;Feudalism :
feudum (Latin)---a grant of land
Mainly a system of land holding
— a system of holding land in exchange for military service.
freeman, serfs, fiefs, vassals, feudal manors, chivalry ;Freemen:
to seek the protection of large land-owners
the people of small farms or land gave their farms and land to large land-owners
they still had freedom
Serfs
people from towns and cities did not possess farms or land.
They had nothing but their freedom to be given to large land-owners
they lost their freedom for protection
;Fiefs
The ruler of the government redivided the large lands into small pieces.
to be given to chancellors or soldiers as a reward for their service.
The subdivisions were called fiefs.
Vassals
The owners of the fiefs
a form of local and decentralized government
;
The centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor.
Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords.
Made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.
Bourgeois: people living in the castles;It developed out of the latifundia大农场主system that existed in the late Roman Empire
Labor was performed by peasant serfs
Early Medieval serfs did not have freedom.
Early Medieval serfs had an impoverished existence.
Life on the Manor was Communal
;The Feudal System;THE MIDDLE AGES——AGE OF FAITH
1. There was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe
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