高三英语一轮复习词意猜测学案 .docxVIP

Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading 逻辑关系猜词 （logical relation） （一）同义词或近义词 利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知生词的意思。常见信号词：and, or, also, as …as，just as, similarly等对点真题： Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double . They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. （2017.全国卷Ⅱ.D) A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural （二）反义或对比关系 在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句 对点练习： A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun. What does the underlined word ＂hassle＂probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests (三) 因果关系 利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语： since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, owing to, thanks to, on account of, result in, accordingly, so…that等。 对点真题： One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire 二. 解释说明法 （explanation） 下定义 下定义： is, mean, refer to, namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出 一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。 （二）定语从句 定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴 be called/ be known as 被称为 be defined as 被定义为 （三）同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明 （四）举例such as, like, for example, for instance 对点真题： …all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese ar