托福基础语法(课堂PPT).ppt

托福基础语法;什么是语法 (Grammar)？;课程安排;句子的七种成分;谓语;造句——广告类作文;时 态;;一般现在时态;一般现在时态;一般现在时态;一般过去时态;一般过去时态;一般过去时态;现在是政府和普通市民联合起来保护日益恶化的环境的时候了。 join together/ join hand in hand / deteriorating It is high time that the government and common people joined hand in hand to protect the deteriorating environment.;一般将来时;一般将来时;现在进行时;现在进行时态;现在进行时态;造句;现在完成时态;现在完成时态;过去完成时态;动词的语态;动词的语态;为了保护公民的生命和财产，人们在繁忙的城镇安装摄像头 Install / camera People install the cameras in the busy downtown, in order to protect the citizen’s life and property. Cameras are installed in busy downtowns in order to protect citizens’ life and property. ;主语;主语;名词作主语;动名词作主语;不定式作为主语;主语从句作为主语;宾语;宾语;问题：找宾语 没有人能否人这一事实:教育是人生最重要的一方面. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.;定 语;修饰成分——定语;名词充当定语——前置;有关 Of 的那点事;of 前后连接名词短语;of 前后连接名词短语;介词结构作定语;不定式作定语;从句作定语;定语从句;状语;副词做状语;介宾结构;动词不定式作状语;We saw a flower show, walking through the park. We saw a flower show. We walked through the park. We saw a flower show, when we walked through the park. ;阅读重要句法： S + V … , v-ing … S + V … , v-ed … 第一种变化： V-ing … , S + V … V-ed … , S + V …;第二种变化： Conj. + v-ing … , S + V … Conj. + v-ed … , S + V … Walking through the park, we saw a flower show. When walking through the park, we saw a flower show. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. If seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. ;从句做状语;状语从句;同位语;;同位语;名词充当同位语;代词充当同位语;数词充当同位语;形容词充当同位语;名词词组或分词词组充当同位语;有明确引导词的同位语;1. 主+谓 2. 主+谓+宾 3. 主+谓+双宾 4. 主+谓+复合宾语 5. 主+系+表;句子冗长 结构复杂 经常作为出题点;快速读出主谓宾 理解一些特??句型 读懂句子在上下文中的作用;;;;句子分类;句子分类;动词的各种形式： 动词原形 v. 动词第三人称单数 vs 动词过去式 v-ed 动词现在分词 v-ing 动词过去分词 v-ed 动词不定式 to do/(to) do;一定是谓语动词的动词形式： 动词第三人称单数 am / is / are / was / were 情态动词can / may / must …;一定不是谓语动词的动词形式： 不定式 to do 独立存在的现在分词 v-ing 独立存在的过去分词 v-ed;可能是谓语动词的动词形式： 动词原形 v. v-ed （过去式）;;; Government has encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that ha