the effect of a resistance training programme on the grab,：一种阻力训练方案对抓取的效果，.pdf

Journal of Sports Sciences , 2003, 21, 213–220 The effect of a resistance training programme on the grab, track and swing starts in swimming RAY V.P. BREED and WARREN B. YOUNG Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Ballarat, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia Accepted 20 December 2002 The aim of this study was to establish the effectiveness of a resistance training programme, designed to improve vertical jumping ability, on the grab, swing and rear-weighted track starts in swimming. Twenty-three female non-competitive swimmers participated (age 19.9 2.4 years; mean s). The diving techniques were practised weekly for 8 weeks. The participants were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 11) or a resistance-training group (n = 12), which trained three times a week for 9 weeks. The tests before and after the training programme involved performing each dive technique and six dry-land tests: two countermovement jumps (with and without arms), two isokinetic squats (bar speeds of 0.44 and 0.70 rad s1) and two overhead throws (with and without back extension). A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to show that resistance training improved performance in the dry-land tests (P 0.0001). No significant improvements due to training were found for any temporal, kinematic or kinetic variables within the grab or swing starts. Significant improvements (P 0.05) were found for the track start for take-off velocity, take-off angle and horizontal impulse. The results suggest that the improved skill of vertical jumping was not transferred directly to the start, particularly in the grab technique. Non-significant trends towards improvement were observed within all starts for vertical force components, suggesting the need to practise the dives to retrain the changed neuromuscular properties. Keywords: diving, force, power, speed, vertical jump. Introduction