植物新品种权保护中的农民特权适当限制.doc

PAGE PAGE 17 植物新品种权保护中的农民特权适当限制 摘要：通过了解我国条例中有关农民特权的规定和国内农民特权使用现状来发现我国农民特权规定的漏洞，根据国际社会相关规定为规范我国农民特权法律法规提供借鉴，再通过具体案例的分析得出农民特权使用中存在的问题。根据使用现状和案例中所发现的问题得出我国条例规定的粗略性问题，从农民主体的模糊界限、繁殖材料的类型不明、种植面积的范围未确定及商业目的、自繁自用的界限不具体等角度，将条例规范中的问题进行一一的分析。主要从两类农民主体即农民与专业大户、农民与种植大户的分析提出相关规范性建议，通过借鉴国际相关规范来适当限制繁殖材料的范围、农民种植面积的范围，根据我国农民特权存在的现实情况来提出“自繁”与“自用”的分类界定建议及商业目的的数额性规范。 关键词：植物新品种权；农民特权；限制 The appropriate restriction of farmer privilege in the protection of new plant variety rights Abstract：The relevant provisions of the Ordinance farmers privilege and domestic farmers privilege of using the current situation to find loopholes in the provisions of the farmers privilege，according to the relevant provisions of the international community to provide reference for the specification of the farmers privilege laws through understanding，and then come to the farmers through the analysis of specific cases of privilege problems using. Arrive at a crude question of regulations in accordance with the provisions of the problem with the current situation and cases found, from the vague boundaries of the farmers body，reproductive material of unknown type，scope undetermined acreage and commercial purposes，the boundaries are not specifically bred for personal use angles，will be one of the rules can result in a problem analysis. That is the main body from two peasant farmers and professional large farmers and grower analyze relevant regulatory proposal put forward by drawing on international norms related to the proper limits of reproductive material，the scope of farmers planting area，according to the reality of the existence of privileged farmers circumstances that bred and personal use category to define the amount of specification proposals and commercial purposes. Keywords：New plant variety rights；Farmer privilege；Restriction 1 引言 随着知识产权保护在全球范围内的各个领域影响逐渐扩大，植物新品种权作为农业耕种和科研领域的知识产权也得到了发达国家及发展中国家的广泛关注，品种权人通过对植物新品种权的保护来维护自身的权利，同时，作为植物遗传资源的历史开发者和维护者的农民也在植物新品种权中享有自己的独特权利，即农民特权。农民特权作为植物新品种权的一个例外和限制，赋予农民的是非商业目