Cellulose分析和总结分析和总结.docx

Cellulose(纤维素)

Uses:

Monomer:

Morphology:

wood, fibers (cotton, rayon, flax, hemp), component of shampoo

thickeners

glucose

crystalline

Celluloseisoneofmanypolymersfoundinnature.Wood,paper,andcottonallcontain

cellulose.Celluloseisanexcellentfiber.Wood,cotton,andhempropeareallmadeof

fibrouscellulose.Celluloseismadeofrepeatunitsofthemonomerglucose.Thisisthe

sameglucosewhichyourbodymetabolizesinordertolive,butyoucan'tdigestitinthe

formofcellulose.Becausecelluloseisbuiltoutofasugarmonomer,itiscalleda

polysaccharide.

glucose(葡萄糖)

Cellulosehasanimportantplaceinthestoryofpolymersbecauseitwasusedtomake

someofthefirstsyntheticpolymers,likecellulosenitrate,celluloseacetate,andrayon.

CelluloseNitrate

Theveryfirstderivativeofcellulosecameaboutwhenascientistreactedcellulose,intheformofcotton,withnitricacid.Theresultwascellulosenitrate.

Oftentimes,assoonassomethingisinvented,thefirstthingwedoisfigureoutawaytouseittokillpeople.Suchisthecasewithcellulosenitrate.Cellulosenitrate,alsocalledguncotton,turnedouttobeapowerfulexplosive. Itsoonreplacedcommongunpowderastheexplosivechargeintheammunitionforriflesandartillery.ItworkedsowellthatintheFirstWorldWar,wewerecapableofkillingtenmillionpeopleinonlyfourshortyears.

Inallfairnesstocellulosenitrate,itwasalsousedforpeacefulpurposes.Yousee,evenbackthen,therewasconcernthatAfrica'selephantherdsweredisappearingfartooquickly,andareplacementneededtobefoundforivoryinbilliardballs.Cellulosenitrateisalsoathermoplastic,andwasquicklyusedtomaketheballsfortheworld'spoolhalls.Theonlyproblemwaseveryonceinawhileoneofthesewouldexplodeduringthebreak.

Cellulosenitratewasalsousedtomakeanearlypolymercontainingcompositematerial,safetyglass.Thiswasasandwichmadeof