new ch10 post - and intra industry trade新后产业内贸易.pptx

Post–Heckscher-OhlinTheoriesofTradeandIntra-IndustryTradeCopyright?2010byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/IrwinChapter10

LearningObjectivesExplainthebasisoftradeinmanufacturesbeyondHeckscher-Ohlin.Discusstherolesoftechnologydissemination,demandpatterns,andtimeinaffectingtrade.Demonstratehowthepresenceofimperfectcompetitioncanaffecttrade.Describethephenomenonknownasintra-industrytrade.

10.2Post-Heckscher-OhlinTheoriesofTrade-10.2.1TheImitationLagHypothesis-10.2.2TheProductCycleTheory-10.2.3VerticalSpecialization-BasedTrade-10.2.4Firm-FocusedTheories-10.2.5TheLinderTheory-10.2.6EconomiesofScale-10.2.7TheKrugmanModel-10.2.8OtherPost-Heckscher-OhlinTheories-10.2.9ConcludingCommentsonPost-Heckscher-OhlinTradeTheories

10.2.1Posner’sImitationLagHypothesisInPosner’smodel,theremaybeadelayinthediffusionoftechnologybetweencountries.IfanewproductisinventedincountryI,therearetwosortsoflagsthatdelaytheproductionthegoodincountryII:imitationlag,anddemandlag.Duringtheselagstheinventingcountrywillexport.

10.2.2TheProductCycleModelHowmightcomparativeadvantagechangeovertime?H-Oisastaticmodel,andthereforeofferslittleinfoonthis.TheProductCyclemodel(Vernon,1966)followsaproductfromitsinventionthroughits“oldage.”Howdoesitwork?

TheProductCycleModel:TheNewProductPhaseAnewproductisinventedinthedevelopedworld.Typically,thenewproductwillbecapital-intensiveandlabor-saving.aimedateconsumers.Alldemandislocatedintheinventingcountry.

TheProductCycleModel:TheNewProductPhaseProductionislocatedintheinventingcountry.Technologicaluncertaintiesmakemassproductionunfeasible.Notradeoccursduringthisphase.

TheProductCycle?timeProdn,consnt0t1NewproductphaseInventingcountryproductionInventingcountryconsumption??10-8

TheProductCycleModel:The