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Predicationanalysis(述谓结构分析)
Languagefocusanddifficult
Predicationanalysis
Predication
Argumentsandpredicates
points
Beforetheanalysisofsentence
meaningisdiscussed,two
pointsshouldbemadeclear.
First,themeaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.Itcantbeworkedoutbyaddingupallthemeaningsofits
constituent(构成的)words.
Second,therearetwoaspectsto
sentencemeaning:
Grammaticalmeaning(grammatical
Semanticmeaning(semanticsense),
whichreferstowhethersomelexical
itemscangowithotheronesinorder
tomakesense.
sense),whichmeansthathowwellthe
sentenceisformedgrammatically.
Forexample,mycarisaredfool.
Grammahcal
mèahing
Somesentenceswhicharegrammaticallyrightmaynotbesemanticallymeaningful.
Predicationanalysis(述谓结构分析)
Thepredicationanalysisisan
approachproposedbyBritishlinguistG.Leechforsententialmeaning
analysis.
Thebasicunitforsemanticanalysisiscalledpredication,whichisthe
abstractionofthemeaningofa
sentence.
Predication(述谓结构)
Considerthethreesentences:
Thechildrenatetheirdinner.
Didthechildreneattheirdinner?
Eatyourdinner,children!
Leavingasidedifferencesoftenseand
pronouns,thesesentenceshaveacommon
content----Childreneatdinner.
Itisthistypeofstructurewhichiscalled
predication.
Predication
Thegrammaticalformofthesentencedoesnotaffectthesemanticpredicationofthesentence,thereforethefollowingforms
havethesamepredicationHE(JUMP):
Hejumps.
Heisjumping.
Hewilljump.
Hehasbeenjumping.
Didhejump?
Argumentandpredicate
Apredicationconsistsofargument(s)andpredicate.
Anargumentisalogicalparticipantinapredication.Itisgenerallyidenticalwiththenominal(名词性的)element(s)inasentence.
Apredicateissomethingthatissaid
aboutanargumentoritstatesthe
logicalrelationlinkingthearguments
inasentence
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