毕业设计论文 CA6140车床 数控改造.doc

摘 要 数控机床在机械制造业中发挥着巨大的作用,但数控机床一次性投资较大,对机床进行数控化改造不失为一良策。CA6140车床主轴转速部分保留原车床的手动变速功能,改造简单易行,可降低劳动强度,提高生产效率。主要介绍了经济型数控机床进给伺服系统设计计算。阐述了CA6140普通数控车床的主轴系统的改进及机床的改造。针对现有常规CA6140普遍车床的缺点提出数控改装方案和单片机系统设计，提高加工精度和扩大机床使用范围，并提高生产率。本论文说明了普通车床的数控化改造的设计过程，较详尽地介绍了CA6140机械改造部分的设计及数控系统部分的设计。采用以8031为CPU的控制系统对信号进行处理，由I/O接口输出步进脉冲，经一级齿轮传动减速后，带动滚动丝杠转动，从而实现纵向、横向的进给运动。 【关键词】CA6140车床; 数控改造; 滚珠丝杠; 步进电动机; 数控机床；单片机数控系统；改装设计。 Abstract The NC machine plays a very great role in mechanical engineering.Although the investment needs a great deal of money,it is a good way to try digital modification for ordinary lathe.The spindle speed of CA6140 remains the manual function of shiftinggears.The alteration is easy and it can reduce labor intensity and improve productive efficiency.Introduces the design calculation of servo system on economic NC machine tools.It also tells us how to improve the spindle and the control system of CA6140 NC lathe. To remedy the defects of ordinary lather CA6140, a design of data processing system and its single chip microcomputer system program is put forward to raise the processing precision and extend the machine’s usage, and to improve production rate。This paper presents the process of designing numerical control reform，and explicitly introduces the design of mechanical and numerical control system reforms。We adopt control system which has 8031 as cpu to cope with the signal，and output the step pulse through the I/O interface。After transmitting and slowing down by force 1 gear, the step pulses drive the leading screw to roll。Thus achieve the vertical movement and the crosswise movement。 【Keywords】CA6140 lathe;digital modification;ball screw;stepping motor;numerical control machine tool,；single chip microcomputer system；reform design。 第一章 绪言 机床作为机械制造业的重要基础装备，它的发展一直引起人们的关注，由于计算机技术的兴起，促使机床的控制信息出现了质的突破，导致了应用数字化技术行柔性自动化控制的新一代机床－数控机床的诞生和发展。计算机的出现和应用，为人类提供了实现机械加工工艺过程自动化的理想手段。随着计算机的发展，数控机床也得到迅速的发展和广泛的应用，同时使人们对传统的机床传动及结构的概念发生了根本的转变。数控机床以其优异的性能和精度、灵捷而多样化的功 能引起世人瞩目，并开创机械产品