英语国家概况Chapte的r 2 History.ppt

Chapter 2 History;I. The foundation of the nation;;1. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. 1) the Roman invasion In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In 43 AD, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. Discussion: why did Rome leave Britain and give up its occupation of the Island?;2) Roman’s influence on Britain Many native Celts were driven to Scotland and Wales The Roman built many towns, cities, roads, temples and buildings. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.;2. Germanic warriors’ invasions and their conversion to Christianity 1) Germanic warriors’ invasions In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. The Jutes came to Britain first, followed by the Saxons, and finally came the Angles.;;;3. The Vikings and Alfred the Great 1) The Viking invaders were the Norwegians and the Danes. They attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century. ;;2) Alfred the Great Alfred the Great, a king of Wessex, defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them in 878. The Danes gained control of the north and east, while he ruled the rest. He also converted some leading Danes into Christians.;(notes: He founded a strong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy”. He reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He translated a Latin book into English. He also established schools and formulated a legal system. All this earns him the title “Alfred the Great.”);4. The Norman Conquest (1066) 1) Edward the Confessor 2) Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death. (Notes: It was said that King Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan (贤人) chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England.) ;In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned ki