初中英语语法归纳.pdf

初中英语语法归纳 语法学习 （一） 动词语态 动词的语态主要分为两种：主动语态与被动语态 主动语态指主语是谓语功作的执行者，被动语态指主语是谓语动作的承受者， 。 I have done the job. （主动句） The job has been done. （被动句） 1 ． 被动语态根据时态的不同，可分为以下几种类型： 一般现在时： am/is/are+done; 2 ． 一般过去时： was/were+done 3 ． 现在进行时： am/is/are+being done 4 ． 过去进行时： was/were+being done 5 ． 将来时 ：will/would+be done,be going to be done, be to be done 6 ． 现在完成时： have/has +been done 7 ． 过去完成时： had+been done 8 ． 将来完成时： will+have been done 2 被动语态门主功语态一样具有不同时态，其时态的变化取决于时间状语，其时态的变化 形式由其助动词 be 的事态变化形式来体现 The house is being painted now. （现在进行时被动语态） Eru0ugh has been said to him about it. （现在完成时被动语态） The furniture was bought last week.. （过去时被动语态） You'll be punished one day. （将来时被动语态） 3 ．被动语态的意义 （1 ）不知道或没必要指出行为、 动作的执行者 （无须加 buy 短语） Colour TV sets are sold in that shop. Football is plated all over the world. (2) 突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。 History is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people. (3) 有时主语较长，可后置。 It's said that we have won the game. 4 ．在使役动词 make 及感官动词 see ，hear … . 等动词的被动语态形式后面出现的作主 语补足语的不定式须加不定式符号“ to" The teacher made Tom answer it again. （主动语态，不加“ to" ) Tom was made to answer it again. （被动语态，加“ to" ) 5. 短语动词的被动语态要注意不可丢失其附加的介词、副词或短语。 look at ，laugh at ，send for ，call on ，carry out ， listen to ，take care of ,make use of,depend on ，pay attention to ，hand in ， put on ，look up ，give up 〕等 . 6. be ＋过去分词可以是被动语态形式，也可以是系表结构形式。区别是，系表结构表示 主语状态或特征， 不带 by 短语； 而被动语态是表示主语的一个被动动作， 可以带 by 短语。 The job was well done. （系表结构） The job was well done by a skilled worker. （被动语态） The composition is well written. （系表结构） The composi